Supported by the UK, this initiative might distribute fighter jet and drone development expenses, yet it could spark controversy
Saudi Arabia has formally requested to join forces with the UK, Japan, and Italy in their collaborative endeavor to develop the next generation of fighter aircraft. This move has gained the endorsement of the British government.
In a joint effort known as the Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) or Tempest, companies from the UK, Japan, and Italy are collaborating to construct a new fighter jet and accompanying systems like drones. The ambitious program aims to roll out the initial aircraft by 2035, a notably swift timeline.
The inclusion of Saudi Arabia in this initiative holds appeal for the partners due to the potential to distribute the significant costs among one of the world’s major defense spenders. However, this expansion might also introduce tensions between the participating nations.
This could further complicate the intricate negotiations already involving three governments and multiple companies from each nation. In the United Kingdom, the principal manufacturers include Rolls-Royce, a leading engine maker; BAE Systems, responsible for tanks and planes and boasting a substantial presence in Saudi Arabia; as well as the UK divisions of Italy’s Leonardo and the European missile manufacturer MBDA.
The potential addition of Saudi Arabia is likely to raise controversy due to criticisms regarding its human rights track record, encompassing its engagement in the Yemen conflict and the 2018 killing of journalist Jamal Khashoggi. Although the murder prompted a temporary exclusion of the country and its crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, from international agreements, the reproach has since waned.
Among the GCAP partners, the UK is believed to be spearheading the effort to integrate Saudi Arabia. Nevertheless, Japanese officials have reportedly expressed strong opposition to Saudi Arabia’s inclusion. This opposition was initially reported by the Financial Times. Japan has gradually been relaxing restrictions on arms exports that were established as part of its post-World War II pacifist legacy.
A high-ranking source within the UK defense sector stated, “The strategic partnership between the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is of paramount importance. The UK’s defense sector is enthusiastic about strengthening collaboration within GCAP. Saudi Arabia is viewed as a pivotal participant in the fighter program, and our efforts are directed towards ensuring rapid and substantial progress.”
Saudi Arabia has expressed interest in joining the Tempest initiative for a while. In March, it entered a memorandum of understanding with the UK, outlining intentions to conduct a “partnering feasibility study” aimed at assessing the potential for a future combat air partnership and enhanced industrial cooperation. Khalid bin Salman, the defense minister of Saudi Arabia, tweeted about the deal, implying the country’s involvement in the international jet endeavor, although the UK swiftly clarified that it was a distinct agreement.
The discussions regarding Saudi Arabia’s formal inclusion are believed to be in their initial phases, managed by the UK Ministry of Defence. If a formal agreement is reached, it would necessitate approval from the prime minister.
According to a Middle East analyst, Saudi Arabia has been working to reduce its dependency on the United States for its armaments and is endeavoring to enhance its domestic weapons manufacturing sector.
This Monday, the nation entered into an agreement with Turkish defense company Baykar Tech to establish drone manufacturing capabilities within Saudi Arabia. Drones, which have prominently supported Ukraine’s defense against Russia, will be a key focus.
In 2021, Saudi Arabia allocated approximately 6.6% of its GDP to military expenditure. In contrast, the figures were 2.2% for the UK, 1.5% for Italy, and 1.1% for Japan, as reported by the World Bank.
